The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether (CAS 83016-70-0)
Introduction: A Molecule with Many Hats 🧪
If you’ve ever wondered what keeps your shampoo silky smooth, or how industrial processes manage to run so efficiently without constant breakdowns, you might want to tip your hat to a class of compounds known as surfactants and stabilizers. One such compound — Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether, better known by its CAS number 83016-70-0 — is a real workhorse in both cosmetic and industrial applications.
But like any good worker bee, it doesn’t perform equally well under all conditions. Temperature plays a crucial role in how active this compound remains in various environments. Today, we’re going to dive deep into the fascinating world of this molecule and explore just how much heat (or cold!) affects its performance.
So grab your lab coat, put on your thinking cap, and let’s get started! 🔬
What Exactly Is This Compound?
Before we start talking about temperature effects, let’s make sure we understand what we’re dealing with.
Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether (CAS 83016-70-0) is a polyetheramine derivative. Its chemical structure features three methylhydroxyethyl groups attached to a bisaminoethyl ether backbone. That may sound complex, but in practical terms, it means the molecule has multiple hydrophilic (water-loving) and amine-rich regions, making it ideal for surface activity and stabilization.
Here’s a quick snapshot of its basic properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₁₆H₃₈N₂O₅ |
| Molar Mass | ~342.5 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid |
| Solubility in Water | Soluble |
| pH (1% aqueous solution) | 9–10.5 |
| Viscosity at 25°C | ~150–300 mPa·s |
| Flash Point | >100°C |
| Storage Stability | Stable under normal conditions |
This compound is often used as an emulsifier, wetting agent, corrosion inhibitor, and even in personal care products like shampoos and conditioners due to its mildness and conditioning properties.
Why Temperature Matters: The Science Behind Molecular Behavior 🌡️
Temperature can be thought of as the "mood ring" of chemistry — it changes the behavior of molecules in subtle yet powerful ways. In the case of CAS 83016-70-0, temperature influences several key factors:
- Solubility: How well the compound dissolves in water or other solvents.
- Surface Tension Reduction: The ability to lower surface tension depends on molecular mobility.
- Stability: At high temperatures, some functional groups may degrade.
- Reaction Kinetics: Higher temps can speed up reactions — sometimes too fast!
Let’s break these down one by one.
1. Solubility: When It Just Won’t Mix 💦
One of the most important properties of any surfactant is its solubility in water. After all, if it doesn’t dissolve properly, it can’t do its job effectively.
Studies have shown that CAS 83016-70-0 is quite soluble at room temperature (~25°C), but as temperatures rise, things start to change.
A 2018 study published in the Journal of Surfactants and Detergents found that while solubility remains high up to around 60°C, beyond that, there’s a noticeable decrease in clarity and dissolution rate. This could be due to thermal degradation of the amine groups or changes in hydrogen bonding networks.
| Temperature (°C) | Solubility (g/100 mL water) | Observations |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | >10 | Clear solution |
| 40 | 9 | Slight cloudiness |
| 60 | 7 | Noticeable turbidity |
| 80 | <5 | Precipitate formation observed |
So, if you’re formulating something that needs to stay clear and stable, keep the heat in check!
2. Surface Tension Reduction: Breaking the Skin of Water 🌊
Surfactants are all about reducing surface tension — they help liquids spread out more easily. For CAS 83016-70-0, this effect is most pronounced at moderate temperatures.
Research from Tsinghua University (2020) showed that the minimum surface tension achieved was around 28 mN/m at 25°C, which is quite impressive. But when the temperature climbed to 70°C, the surface tension increased slightly to 32 mN/m, suggesting a slight loss in efficiency.
Why does this happen? As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules rises, making it harder for them to align neatly at the surface — kind of like trying to line up dancers mid-salsa party. 😂
| Temp (°C) | Surface Tension (mN/m) | Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC, ppm) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 28 | 200 |
| 40 | 29 | 220 |
| 60 | 31 | 250 |
| 80 | 32 | 280 |
So while the compound still works at higher temps, it takes a bit more of it to get the same job done.
3. Stability Under Heat: Will It Hold Up? 🔥
Thermal stability is a critical concern, especially in industrial settings where temperatures can spike unexpectedly.
A 2021 paper in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research looked at the decomposition profile of CAS 83016-70-0 using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). They found that significant weight loss began around 180°C, indicating onset of decomposition. However, before reaching that point, subtle structural changes occurred starting at 100°C, particularly affecting the amine and ether linkages.
That said, in typical use cases (like cosmetics or cleaning agents), exposure to such high temps is rare. Still, if you’re storing or processing this compound in hot environments, it’s worth monitoring for color change or viscosity shifts.
4. Reaction Kinetics: Speedy or Sluggish? ⚙️
In formulations where CAS 83016-70-0 acts as a catalyst or reaction modifier, temperature becomes a double-edged sword. Higher temps can accelerate reactions — great if you’re in a hurry — but they can also lead to side reactions or premature aging of the product.
For example, in epoxy resin curing systems where this compound is used as a co-curing agent, increasing the temperature from 30°C to 60°C reduced curing time by almost 40%, according to a 2019 Japanese study. However, the final product exhibited slightly reduced tensile strength, likely due to uneven crosslinking.
| Process Step | Temp (°C) | Time Required | Final Product Quality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Cure | 30 | 24 hrs | Excellent |
| Accelerated Cure | 60 | 14 hrs | Good |
| Overheat Condition | 80 | 8 hrs | Fair (brittle edges) |
So, while faster isn’t always better, controlled heating can offer process advantages — as long as you know what trade-offs you’re making.
Real-World Applications: Where Does It Shine? 💎
Now that we’ve covered the theory, let’s see where CAS 83016-70-0 really shines — and how temperature affects each application.
A. Cosmetics and Personal Care
Used in shampoos, lotions, and conditioners, this compound provides conditioning, foam boosting, and anti-static properties.
- Cold Conditions (e.g., winter storage): No issues reported; maintains fluidity.
- Room Temp (20–25°C): Ideal performance.
- Warm Environments (e.g., summer warehouses): Viscosity decreases slightly but not problematically.
B. Industrial Cleaning Agents
As a wetting agent in degreasers and heavy-duty cleaners, it helps water penetrate oils and greases.
- Moderate Heating (up to 60°C): Enhances cleaning power.
- Excessive Heat (>70°C): May reduce effectiveness due to solubility drop.
C. Corrosion Inhibitors
Used in cooling systems and metalworking fluids, it forms protective layers on metal surfaces.
- Ambient to 50°C: Excellent protection.
- >60°C: Protective film weakens; recommend additional inhibitors.
D. Epoxy Resin Systems
Acts as a co-curing agent or flexibilizer.
- Controlled Heating (50–70°C): Faster curing.
- Too Hot (>80°C): Risk of brittleness and incomplete crosslinking.
Comparative Performance with Similar Compounds 📊
How does CAS 83016-70-0 stack up against other commonly used surfactants or stabilizers?
| Compound | CAS Number | Main Use | Thermal Stability (°C) | Surface Tension (mN/m) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAS 83016-70-0 | 83016-70-0 | Emulsifier, stabilizer | ~180 | 28–32 | Balanced performance |
| Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate (Tween 20) | 9005-64-5 | Emulsifier | ~120 | 30–34 | Lower stability |
| Polyethylenimine (PEI) | 25988-97-0 | Coagulant, binder | ~200 | 35–40 | Higher cationic charge |
| Alkyl Polyglucoside (APG) | 68517-09-1 | Mild surfactant | ~100 | 25–28 | Biodegradable, but less stable above 60°C |
From this table, we can see that CAS 83016-70-0 holds its own pretty well — especially in balancing performance and thermal tolerance.
Practical Tips for Handling and Storage 📦
To get the best out of this versatile compound, here are some handy tips:
- Store Between 10–30°C: Avoid extreme temperatures.
- Keep Containers Sealed: Prevent moisture loss or contamination.
- Avoid Direct Sunlight: UV can degrade amine groups over time.
- Use Within 12–18 Months: Shelf life is decent but not infinite.
- Monitor Viscosity and pH: Early signs of degradation.
Conclusion: Keep Cool and Carry On 🧊
In summary, Tri(methylhydroxyethyl)bisaminoethyl Ether (CAS 83016-70-0) is a robust and adaptable compound that performs admirably across a range of applications. While it shows resilience to moderate temperature variations, pushing it beyond 70–80°C can lead to diminished performance, including reduced solubility, altered surface tension, and potential degradation.
Whether you’re formulating a luxury conditioner or optimizing an industrial process, understanding how this compound responds to heat will help you make informed decisions and avoid costly mistakes.
Remember: just like us humans, chemicals don’t always work best under pressure — or heat! 🤓
References 📚
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Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. (2018). Effect of Temperature on Surfactant Properties of Amine-Based Polyethers. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 21(3), 455–462.
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Chen, J., Li, X., & Zhou, W. (2020). Thermodynamic Behavior of Polyetheramines in Aqueous Solutions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 589, 124422.
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Tanaka, K., Sato, M., & Yamamoto, T. (2019). Kinetic Study of Epoxy Resin Curing Using Modified Polyetheramines. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58(12), 4888–4896.
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Nakamura, R., & Fujimoto, H. (2021). Thermal Degradation Mechanisms of Amine-Ether Compounds. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 185, 109487.
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Zhao, Q., Huang, Y., & Gao, Z. (2022). Comparative Analysis of Commercial Surfactants Under Varying Temperatures. Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 59(2), 112–120.
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Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China. (2020). Technical Guidelines for the Safe Handling of Amine-Based Chemicals. Beijing: MEE Press.
Stay curious, stay safe, and remember — chemistry is cool, but only if you keep your reagents cooler! 😄
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